编辑：147小编 来源：147小编
As Chinas largest economic central city, Shanghai should actively give full play to its highly globalized resource endowment and actively build a global high-level talent hub by building an institutional framework for the flow and agglomeration of high-level talents, Serving the national strategy. By combing the successful experience of major countries and cities in attracting high-level talents, we found that strategic planning, immigration policies, headhunting companies, employment methods, platform carriers, supporting environment and cash subsidies are effective means to attract high-level talents, and relevant practices are worth learning from.
上海作为中国最大的经济中心都会，根据打造国内大循环中心节点和国内国际双循环战略链接的定位要求，应积极发挥自身高度全球化的资源天禀，通过构建全球高水平人才流动与集聚的制度性框架，整体结构，全面谋划，积极打造全球高水平人才枢纽，服务国家战略。我们通过梳理主要国家和都会吸引高水平人才乐成经验发现，战略规划、移民政策、猎头公司、用工方式、平台载体、配套环境和现金补贴是吸引高水平人才的有效手段，相关做法值得借鉴。
I. Seven ways for major countries and cities in the world to effectively attract high-level talents
全球主要国家和都会有效吸引高水平人才的七种手段i. Establish a systematic top-level strategy for urban talents
（一）建立系统化的都会人才顶层战略The talent strategy of global key cities is not only a part of the urban strategy, but also significantly different from other urban development plans. It is far better than the special strategies of other cities in terms of importance and completeness.
全球重点都会的人才战略既是都会战略的一部门，又与其他都会发展规划有明显区别，无论重要性还是完备度都远胜其他都会专项战略。
First, most of the worlds key cities have detailed talent strategic planning. The main talent plans of New York City include "NYC talent draft", "Applied Sciences NYC", "NYC tech talent pipeline", etc. through the "NYC talent draft" plan, students from major colleges and universities across the country are introduced to supplement scientific and technological talents from abroad. At the same time, the "Applied Sciences NYC" plans to establish parks and schools to cultivate their own local scientific and technological talents. The "NYC tech talent pipeline" program quickly provides available scientific and technological talents for the science and technology industry. The mayor of London has proposed the "visa for innovative talents" and the "visa for innovative talents" program, such as "building a new talent center in London with the help of the mayor of London, and the" SF "program. The small business loan guarantee (sflg) program helps all kinds of people come to London to start businesses, provide easy access to loans, establish new enterprises and attract talents. Due to the lack of local talent resource market, London pays more attention to talent absorption and overseas introduction, which is reflected in the above policies.
一是全球重点都会多数具有详细的人才战略规划。纽约市主要的人才规划有“NYC Talent Draft”、“Applied Sciences NYC”、“NYC Tech Talent Pipeline”等，通过“NYC Talent Draft”计划引入全国各大高校的学生，外来增补科技人才，同时“Applied Sciences NYC”计划建立园区和学校，培养自己本土的科技人才。“NYC Tech Talent Pipeline”计划则为科技财产迅速提供可用科技人才。伦敦市主要人才规划有“伦敦签证”、“特色猎头系统”、“小企业贷款包管（SFLG）计划”等，“伦敦签证”由市长提出设立，资助优秀技术人才和时尚设计师快速获得签证，来伦敦开拓新创意，创建新企业，置身于这个全球人才中心。“小企业贷款包管（SFLG）计划”则资助各类人员来伦敦进行创业，提供易获得的贷款途径，建立新企业，吸引人才。伦敦因为本土人才资源市场的匮乏，更加注重人才的吸收和海外引进，在上述政策中皆有所体现。
Second, the strategic planning of talents has been promoted to the position of paying equal attention to urban planning. The New York 2050 plan fully absorbs the contents of the talent plan NYC talent draft and focuses on establishing a fair talent environment in the 2050 plan. More than 80% of Tokyos innovation 25 strategy is about talent development.
二是人才战略规划提升到了与都会规划并重的地位。纽约2050规划充实吸收了人才计划NYC Talent Draft的内容，而且在2050规划中重点突出建立公平的人才环境。东京的创新25战略凌驾80%的内容是有关人才发展的。
Third, in terms of system and mechanism design, talent strategic planning often adheres to creating an environment for recognizing, loving and using talents. In the process of building a global talent hub in London, special attention is paid to labor regulations, housing, education and immigration, which directly affect the labor force in London. Emphasize the comprehensive experience in talent introduction, talent utilization and human settlements. New York has established a portal covering education, employment, housing, social services, health and safety for cross-border talents, providing information about living and working in cities.
三是在体制机制设计方面，人才战略规划往往坚持营造识才爱才用才环境。伦敦打造全球人才枢纽过程中，特别重视劳工法规、住房、教育和移民，这些直接影响伦敦劳动力的因素。强调在引才、用才和人居环境方面的全面体验。纽约为跨境人才建立了涵盖教育、就业、住房、社会服务、健康和宁静等主要内容的门户网站，提供关于在都会生活和工作的信息。
Chapter 1 talent development planning of global key cities source: Official Website of global cities
表1 全球重点都会人才发展规划资料来源：全球重点都会官方网站
Source: Official Website of global key cities
资料来源：全球重点都会官方网站
ii. Systematic and perfect immigration policy
系统完善的移民政策A systematic and complete immigration policy system has become a key measure for major countries in the world to attract high-level talents from abroad. For example, the United States divides high-level talents into five categories: outstanding talents (EB-1), potential talents (eb-2), highly skilled talents (eb-3), religious talents (eb-4) and entrepreneurial talents (EB-5). The immigration policy of each category of talents covers qualification recognition, accompanying relocation of family members, financial burden, public welfare and other contents, and evaluates the qualification of such immigrants in combination with the point system. At the same time, some countries have gradually recognized dual nationality. In 2008, South Korea announced conditional recognition of the dual nationality of South Korean citizens and foreign talents, bringing about more than 1 million high-level talents. India opened dual citizenship in 2003, and many Indian entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley returned to New Delhi, Mumbai and other cities for development.
系统完整的移民政策体系成为全球主要国家吸引境外高水平人才的关键举措。例如，美国将高水平人才分为五类，分别是杰出人才（EB-1）、潜在人才（EB-2）、高技能人才（EB-3）、宗教人才（EB-4）和创业人才（EB-5），每类人才的移民政策涵盖了资格认定、家属随迁、财务负担、公共福利等内容，并结合积分制评估该类移民资格。与此同时，一些国家逐步认可双重国籍。韩国在2008年宣布有条件地认可韩国公民以及外国优秀人才拥有双重国籍，为其带来了约100多万高水平人才。印度在2003年开放双重国籍，硅谷的大批印度创业人才回到新德里、孟买等都会发展。
iii. Talent introduction mechanism of "government + headhunter"
“政府+猎头”的引才机制Headhunting companies use the "information gap" between talent supply and demand to organize the search for senior management talents and talents in key technical positions around the world. Major city governments recruit talents by directly purchasing the global services of headhunters. For example, the London municipal government spends £ 2.2 million a year to purchase Hays (Note: the worlds top human resource management company, headquartered in London, whose main business is the recruitment and management of global talents) services, which can directly collect information about high-level talents in 34 countries and 262 cities and provide it to relevant government agencies. Los Angeles City Government and Korn ferry With the signing of strategic cooperation, Korn ferry international continues to provide Los Angeles with talents in high-tech industry and financial service industry. In addition, the US government encourages local headhunting companies to enter the international senior talent market through preferential policies such as tax reduction and exemption, the establishment of headhunting funds and government subsidies. At present, five of the worlds top 10 human resources companies are from the United States.
猎头公司利用人才供给和需求的“信息差”在全球范围内组织搜寻高层管理人才和关键技术岗位人才。主要都会政府通过直接购买猎头公司的全球服务，招聘优秀人才。例如，伦敦市政府每年花费220万英镑，购买瀚纳仕（Hays）（注：全球顶级的人力资源管理公司，总部在伦敦，主要业务是全球人才的招聘和管理）服务，可直接搜集34个国家和262个都会高水平人才的相关信息，并提供给政府相关机构使用。洛杉矶市政府与光辉国际（Korn Ferry）（注：全球总收入排名第1的猎头公司，在全球50多个国家拥有凌驾7500名人力资源顾问。）签署战略合作，光辉国际连续为洛杉矶市提供高科技财产和金融服务业人才。别的，美国政府通过减免税、设立猎头基金、政府补贴等优惠政策，鼓励本土猎头公司进军国际高级人才市场。目前，全球前10大顶级人力资源公司就有5家来自美国。
iv. Sharing mode of talent circulation
人才环流的共享模式With the gradual recognition of the concept of "not for all, but for use" of talents, the wave of global circulation of accepting high-level talents is setting off. (Note: talent circulation refers to those high-level talents do not work in one city or institution, but move frequently around the world, presenting a "migratory bird" working mode in different countries or cities.) The governments of New York and Tokyo have actively established overseas talent systems, built career channels and bridges for circulating talents, and promoted government departments and enterprises to make full use of overseas talent resources. Through the "Contact Singapore" portal, Singapore provides channels for foreign talents to serve Singapore and Contact Singapore business, and actively establishes a platform to connect global talents with Singapore employers, which has played a positive role in balancing Singapores high-level human resources. At the same time, the issuance of residence cards is more flexible than green cards. The "Indian card" (for foreign Indians and their children) and "Indian overseas citizenship card" (for foreign non Indians) implemented in India have higher convenience than ordinary green cards. In addition to the right to vote and be elected, they can enter India many times in their life without residence period, registration with the entry authority, and free access to national parks, nature reserves Historical sites, etc. By the end of 2020, India has issued more than 15 million "overseas Indian citizenship cards" and "Indian descent cards", which has greatly promoted the return and circulation of overseas Indian talents.
随着人才“不求所有、但求所用”的理念逐步被认可，接纳高水平人才全球环流的浪潮正在掀起。（注：人才环流是指高水平人才不固定在一个都会或机构工作，而是在全球范围内频繁流动，在差别的国家或都会出现“候鸟式”的工作方式。）纽约和东京政府积极建立海外人才系统，为环流人才搭建职业通道和桥梁，推动政府部分、企业充实利用海外人才资源。新加坡通过“联系新加坡”门户网站，为外籍人才服务新加坡和联系新加坡业务提供渠道，并积极建立平台为全球人才和新加坡雇主牵线搭桥，在平衡新加坡高条理人才资源方面起到了积极的作用。同时，发放比绿卡更加灵活的居留卡。印度实施的“印度裔卡”（面向外籍的印度裔及其子女）和“印度海外公民证”（面向外籍的非印度人）比普通绿卡具有更高的便利度，除了没有选举权和被选权之外，终身可多次进入印度，无居住期限，无需向入境机关登记，并免费进入国家公园、自然掩护区、历史古迹等。截止到2020年末，印度已经发放了1500多万张“海外印度公民证”和“印度裔卡”，极大地促进了海外印度人才的回流与环流。
v. High end business platform
高端的事业平台High end career platforms are easy to form an "ecosystem" for high-level talents and produce a strong magnetic field effect of "gathering talents with talents". Major countries and cities around the world focus on attracting and utilizing global scientific research talents by building high-end scientific research institutions. There are three of the worlds top five scientific research platforms (the European Nuclear Research Center in Switzerland, the North Alamos National Laboratory in the United States, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the United States, Bell Laboratories in the United States and the Chinese Academy of Sciences). Relying on the innovation platform, these three high-end scientific research institutions gather and attract top talents, and all kinds of global top talents come here, At present, there are more than 100 Nobel Prize winners and more than 1000 academicians. In addition, as a gathering place for research institutions and universities jointly researched and developed by officials and people, South Korea Dade science and Technology City integrates scientific research, production and scientific and technological personnel training. It has established 4 universities and 49 scientific research institutions, employs more than 4500 experts from 70 countries, and leads the world in the fields of microelectronics, new materials, fine chemicals, bioengineering, optics and aerospace industry.
高端的事业平台容易形成高水平人才聚集的“生态圈”，并产生“以才聚才”的强磁场效应。全球主要国家和都会注重通过打造高端的科研机构，吸引和利用全球科研人才。全球最顶尖的五所科研事业平台（瑞士的欧洲核子研究中心、美国诺斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室、美国劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室、美国贝尔实验室、中国科学院）有三所在美国，这三所高端科研机构依托创新平台，集聚吸引顶尖人才，各类全球顶尖人才慕名前来，目前共产生诺贝尔奖获得者凌驾100位，院士凌驾1000位。别的，韩国大德科技城作为官民共同研究开发的研究机构和大学的集结地，集科研、生产和科技人才培养为一体，设立4所大学和49个科研机构，雇佣全球70个国家凌驾4500名专家，在微电子、新质料、精细化工、生物工程、光学和航空航天工业等领域领先全球。
vi. Tolerant cultural atmosphere
宽容的文化氛围The cultural atmosphere of international language environment, tolerance of failure and courage to innovate can attract more innovative talents to develop. Major countries and cities around the world focus on creating a diversified language environment in creating a talent environment. For example, government offices in New York provide services in six foreign languages, including Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Spanish and French. At the same time, pay attention to the establishment of a cultural atmosphere of "tolerance for failure" and "no responsibility for trial and error". Most Japanese enterprises have the recognition system of "loser resurrection system" and "great failure Award". Beijing Zhongguancun has written "tolerating failure" into its development plan to form a mechanism of sharing trial and error costs.
国际化语言环境、宽容失败、敢于创新的文化氛围能够吸引更多的创新人才前来发展。全球主要国家和都会在营造人才环境方面注重打造多样化的语言环境，例如，纽约的政府服务部分提供中文、日文、韩文、西班牙语、法语等六种外国语言服务。同时，注重建立“失败宽容”和“试错无责”的文化氛围。日本企业大多有“败者复活制”和“大失败奖”的表扬制度。北京中关村将“宽容失败”写入发展规划，形成共担试错本钱机制。
vii. Direct cash subsidy
直接的现金补贴With the fierce competition for talents in cities at home and abroad, major cities have introduced different degrees of cash subsidies to continuously increase the amount of Talent Awards and cash subsidies. London provides a living allowance of £ 12000 a year for undergraduate graduates and £ 20000 for master graduates working in London. Shenzhen will give corresponding rewards and subsidies according to the level of scientific researchers. In 2018, Shenzhen absorbed 2678 high-level talents through awarding subsidies of 2.35 billion yuan, including a living subsidy of 240 million yuan for post doctors in the station. In the past five years, the average annual growth rate of the number of post doctors in Shenzhen has exceeded 30%, and the newly introduced post doctors who graduated from domestic double first-class universities or the top 150 universities ranked by the overseas times have reached 50%.
随着国内外都会在人才抢夺竞争趋于白热化，主要都会均推出了差别水平的现金补贴，不停提高人才奖励和现金补贴的额度。伦敦为在伦敦工作的本科结业生提供一年12000英镑、硕士结业生20000英镑的生活补贴。深圳根据科研人员的品级，给与相应的奖励及补贴。2018年深圳通过发放奖励补贴23.5亿元吸收高水平人才2678人，包罗发放在站博士后生活补贴2.4亿元，近5年来，深圳博士后人数年均增速凌驾30%，且新引进的从国内双一流高校或境外泰晤士报排名前150高校结业博士后到达50%。
II. We should fully learn from relevant international experience and strengthen the attraction of high-level global talents
应充实借鉴相关国际经验，加大对全球高水平人才吸引力度i. Formulate the global talent hub strategy and innovate the talent flow and competition mechanism
（一）制订全球人才枢纽战略，创新人才流动与竞争机制
First, it is suggested to formulate the 2035 Shanghai global high-level talent hub strategic plan and carry out system creation and project design around the whole links of talent introduction, employment, education, retention and respect. The planning focuses on the establishment of vision, objectives and index system, the construction of classified talent policy system, the smooth flow and gathering channels of global high-level talents, the planning of talent introduction projects, the formulation of talent development and promotion and urban brand communication strategies, the opening and integration of channels and paths of global talent network, and the creation of international talent development environment, so as to promote the implementation step by step and orderly. Second, increase institutional innovation in talent allocation. Improve the talent market allocation mechanism, establish a supply and demand mechanism, price mechanism and competition mechanism in line with international standards, give full play to the basic role of the market in the allocation of talent resources, and give full play to the basic, fundamental and sustainable role of the market mechanism in allocating innovative resources and promoting the rapid integration and high-level integration of talents, science, technology and capital.
一是建议制订《2035上海全球高水平人才枢纽战略规划》，围绕引才、用才、育才、留才和敬才全环节，进行制度创设和项目设计。规划重点聚焦愿景目标及指标体系设立，分类人才政策体系构建，全球高水平人才流动与集聚渠道流通，引才项目筹谋，人才发展推广和都会品牌流传计谋制定，全球人才网络的渠道和路径开辟融入、国际化人才发展环境营造等内容，分步有序推进实施。二是加大人才配置方面的制度创新。完善人才市场配置机制，建立与国际接轨的供需机制、价格机制、竞争机制，充实发挥市场在人才资源配置的基础性作用，发挥市场机制在配置创新资源、促进人才、科技、资本的快速结合和高度融合等方面具有基础性、根天性、连续性的作用。
ii. Relax the immigration access policy and create a "million talents" introduction plan
放宽移民准入政策，打造“百万人才”引进计划We will strive to decentralize the examination and approval authority of foreigners permanent residence, strive for the support of the Ministry of public security, promote the implementation of skilled migration policies as soon as possible, and implement the quota management and filing system by the state. We will promote the implementation of the points system, give high points to high-level talents, ensure that they can obtain permanent residence right when they are introduced, facilitate entry and exit and enjoy all kinds of social security. Key points include C-level talents, i.e., CEO, CFO and other senior management personnel; PM level talents, namely professionals and managers; Class Y talents are young talents at the early stage of their career. Relying on the new area near the port, launch the "million talent introduction plan". Implement the "negative list" management mode, adhere to "not for all, but for use", and actively introduce high-level global talents.
争取外国人永久居留审批权限下放，争取国家公安部支持，尽快推动技术移民政策落地实施，由国家实行配额管理、存案制度。推动积分制实施，对于高水平人才，赋予高积分，确保在其引进时就可获取永久居留权，方便收支境并享受各类社会保障。重点包罗：C级人才，即CEO、CFO等高级经营管理人员；PM级人才，即专业人才(professionals)和经营管理人才(managers)；Y级人才，即处于职业早期的青年人才。依托临港新片区，推出“百万人才引进计划”。实行“负面清单”管理模式，坚持“不求所有、但求所用”，积极引进全球高水平人才。
iii. Connect with the headhunting market and further consolidate and improve the high-level talent search platform
对接猎头市场，进一步夯实与完善高水平人才搜寻平台Map the distribution of top technologies and teams in the world. Actively connect with the global network of world-famous headhunting companies and collect talents and team information with industry-leading level and cutting-edge technology around the core links and key elements of the citys industrial chain. Strengthen the international talent business guidance of headhunters in Shanghai, give full play to the role of functional departments in policy coordination and information sharing, and consolidate the foundation of market-oriented talent resource allocation.
绘制全球顶尖技术和团队分布图。积极对接世界知名猎头公司的全球网络，围绕本市财产链核心环节和重点要素，在全球范围内搜集具有行业领先水平、掌握前沿技术的人才和团队信息。加强驻沪猎头公司的国际人才业务引导，发挥职能部分政策协调、信息分享等作用，夯实市场化人才资源配置基础。
iv. Explore the establishment of "contact Shanghai" Affairs Bureau and layout the global high-level talent service network
探索建立“联系上海”事务局，结构全球高水平人才服务网络The "contact Shanghai" bureau was established to try to set up sites in key global cities and regions to provide one-stop services for global elites who are interested in seeking career development opportunities in Shanghai. Establish a "contact Shanghai" Chinese and English website, integrate the latest information of various talent activities and talent recruitment fairs in Shanghai, and build a communication platform for the supply and demand of high-level talents.
建立“联系上海”事务局，实验在全球重点都会和地区设点，为有意寻求上海职业发展机会的全球精英提供一站式服务。建立“联系上海”中英文网站，集成上海各种人才活动、人才招聘会等的最新资讯，为高条理人才供需搭建沟通平台。
（5） Build a working platform for overseas high-end talents and build a carrier support for building nests and attracting Phoenix
打造海外高端人才工作平台，构建筑巢引凤载体支撑Set up "scientific and technological innovation strategic special zone" or "offshore innovation and entrepreneurship base" in specific universities, scientific research institutes and high-tech parks; Build an "information platform for world-class scientific research institutions" to provide data opening support for introducing world-class scientific research institutions and promoting international scientific research cooperation.
在特定的大学科研院所、高科技园区等设立“科技创新战略特区”或“离岸创新创业基地”；构建“国际一流科研机构信息平台”，为引进国际一流科研机构、推动国际科研合作提供数据开放支撑。
vi. Create an international cultural atmosphere and build a high-quality talent environment
营造国际化文化氛围，建设高品质的人才环境We will improve the overseas talent service platform, strengthen the service function, and provide foreigners with various services such as multilingual career counseling. Focus on improving the foreign language service level in public areas, and establish unified foreign language service standards and norms in window departments. Create an urban culture that embraces all rivers, pursues excellence, is open-minded, wise and modest, strengthen exchanges and cooperation with world-famous media and cultural communication institutions, and meet the various needs of talents at home and abroad in information, art, culture and religious beliefs. Cultivate a social fashion that encourages innovation and tolerates failure.
完善海外人才服务平台，强化服务功能，为外国人提供多种语言的职业咨询等各项服务。重点提高公共区域外语服务水平，在窗口部分建立统一的外语服务尺度和规范。营造海纳百川、追求卓越、开明睿智、大气谦和的都会文化，加强与世界著名媒体、文化流传机构的交流与合作，适应和满足海内外人才在信息、艺术、文化和宗教信仰等方面的多种需求。培育鼓励创新、宽容失败的社会风尚。
vii. We will increase institutional innovation in talent incentives and provide internationally competitive compensation and benefits
加大人才激励方面制度创新，提供在国际上有竞争力薪酬福利Expand and integrate the "Shanghai Talent Development Fund" project and "Pujiang plan" and other overseas returnees and create a special financial fund to attract global talents for various awards, subsidies and subsidies for the introduction and training of high-level talents; Take tax policy as the main regulation means and reduce costs and risks for innovation and entrepreneurship activities of all kinds of talents through tax reduction and exemption. We will increase investment in human capital and actively explore ways for recognized high-level talents to invest and take shares in human capital such as intellectual property rights, scientific and technological achievements and R & D skills.
扩充并整合“上海市人才发展资金”项目及“浦江计划”等海归专项，打造吸引全球人才的财务专项基金，用于高水平人才引进、培养的各项奖励、资助、补贴；以税收政策为主要调节手段，通过税费减免的方式，为各类人才的创新创业活动降低本钱和风险。加大人力资本投资入股力度，积极探索经认定的高水平人才将知识产权、科技结果、研发技能等人力资本作价出资、入股措施。返回搜狐，检察更多
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